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  2. Qaida Foundations
  3. Lesson 4

Short vowels: fatḥah, kasrah, ḍammah

الحركات

Three small marks give each letter its vowel sound. Learn them, then read your first real words.

Lesson 4 of 12About 10 minBeginner

By the end of this lesson

  • Read a, i and u on any letter
  • Keep each vowel short (one count)
  • Read three-letter words
MarkNameSoundExample
بَFatḥah (line above)short aبَ ba
بِKasrah (line below)short iبِ bi
بُḌammah (small wāw above)short uبُ bu

A short vowel lasts one count: about the time it takes to bend one finger. Keep it crisp. Stretching short vowels is the most common habit adults bring from other languages.

سَ
سِ
سُ
عَ
عِ
عُ
قَ
قِ
قُ
كَتَبَhe wrote
سَمِعَhe heard
خَلَقَhe created
حَسُنَit was good

PracticeRead, then check the sounds.

جَعَلَShow answer

ja-ʻa-la

نَصَرَShow answer

na-ṣa-ra

ذَهَبَShow answer

dha-ha-ba

شَرِبَShow answer

sha-ri-ba